Century Music Study Guide

Chopin (1809-1848) He often wrote some nationalism pieces such as a Mazurka that sounds like a Polish folk dance. He kept composing music until a few months before he died of tuberculosis. His music is made for solo piano. Wagner (1813-1883) A German who was a very controversial composer. HIS operas often included social and political ideas as he was openly anti-Semitic and his music was later used as Nazi propaganda. He built his own opera house in Bayreuth where he would put on performances of three operas.He didnt consider his operas to be operas but rather music dramas. Catchalls (1829-1869) He was an American composer and virtuoso pianist who was best known as a performer of his own works. Although born In New Orleans he achieved International fame. HIS musical training comes from the Paris Conservatory. Like Chopin, Catchalls also used nationalism in his music. Genres to know: Symphony Beethovens Fifth Symphony is in cyclic form which is a new form where individual movements off work are linked in some way. First few notes are fate notes.There are now extreme dynamics with the newly expanded orchestra that now Includes a piccolo and contrabass. Musical cells were played with opposed to long, flowing melodies. There Is a basic rhythmic motif In every theme. FIFO 19th century Italian opera Voices were thought to be superior and virtuosic. Showcases the voice, orchestra was used sparingly, dramatically realistic, appeals to listeners, and drama of text captured through music. Music drama The melodies were simpler to support the text and therefore the plot of the opera.In an effort to restore dramatic integrity to opera Wagers reforms include singing that was musical, yet clear, syllabic singing, less repetition in songs, sees structured flow, and the orchestra reflects the plot. Character piece A relatively short piece that captures a particular character. Solo piano work Concepts to know: Nationalism can generally be described as the result of pride in ones country Cyclic form Individual movements of a work linked in some way. The first 4 notes of this work are often referred to as the fate motive (short-short-short-long), and are said to represent fate knocking on ones door.The basic rhythmic motif (S-S-S-L) appears in every theme making it cyclic. Romanticism, and the affect of romanticism on composers Mode of thought that emerged in late 18th and early 19th centuries and placed unprecedented importance on imagination and subjectivity over reason and objectivity. The imagination and projection of individual emotions of the composers themselves took precedence over rationality and balance. Composers were seen as spiritual guides who had access to this special world. Music as political force During the Romantic era, many composers believed that composition could inspire listeners to action.There were also many uprising during his time in Europe. European populace questioned their government and political freedoms. Music was an important vehicle for expressing political sentiment. Leitmotif a brief musical phrase or idea connected dramatically to some person, ;vent, or idea in the drama Chamber music music performed in a private setting Expansion of the orchestra added the piccolo and contrabass to add range to the orchestra Questions to consider: century. Romanticism was more about how you think about art rather than a new form.The instrumental music from this era was now seen as music that could engage the imagination of listeners more directly and evoke ideas that emotions that could not be captured by words. Composers were now perceived to have a window on the infinite and the spiritual, and their social status rose accordingly. Provide examples of musicians who were both composers and virtuoso performers. Catchalls How did Wagner transform opera? How are his music dramas different from typical operas of the 19th century, such as those by Italian composers? 19th Italian Opera: voices were thought to be superior and virtuosic.Showcases the voice, orchestra was seed sparingly, dramatically realistic, appeals to listeners, and drama of text captured through music. Wagner: The melodies were simpler to support the text and therefore the plot of the opera. In an effort to restore dramatic integrity to opera Angers reforms include singing that was musical, yet clear, syllabic singing, less repetition in songs, less structured flow, and the orchestra reflects the plot. Provide some examples of nationalism in music, including pieces and composers. Chopping Mazurka in a-flat, pop. 7, no. 1. Hat are some general characteristics of 19th century music?Compare and contrast 19th century music with music from the Classic era. 19th Century: extremes explored, forms expanded, dynamics expanded, boundaries were pushed. Expanded orchestra Inch included more instruments to create more range (trombone, tube, contrabass, and piccolo). It was expressive and included nationalism. Performing composers like Beethoven, Chopin, and Catchalls. Classic Era: Approachable music for public, not virtuosic, forms established. How did 19th century music push the boundaries of musical traditions which were established in the Classic era? Provide examples.Forms were expanded such as cyclic form which didnt exist in the Classic Era. They emphasized extreme contrasts of textures between the simple and complex. They wrote music that ranged from the disarmingly simple to the fiendishly difficult, often within the course of the same Nor. They gave growing importance to program music which sometimes included exploring the darker side of human psyche. The orchestra was also expanded to enlarge the range by adding instruments such as the piccolo and contrabass. Explain the prevalence of large scale public works and smaller chamber works in the 19th century. In the 19th century there was a demand for music in the home because the Industrial Revolution increased that manufacturing of instruments which made instruments more affordable. No most households in the middle and upper class home had a piano. As a result for piano compositions and songs chamber music grew as a result. Some composers began to have music parties where they would from nationalism in which composers thought that their music could inspire the public thus performing it in front of large audiences would be most effective in getting their music across.Discuss the affect of a piano in every home on composers and music in general in the 19th century. In the 19th century there was a demand for music in the home because the Industrial Revolution increased that manufacturing of instruments which made instruments more affordable. No most households in the middle and upper class home had a piano. As a result for piano compositions and songs chamber music grew as a result. Inch made instruments more affordable. No most households in the middle and